-------------------------------
"RUS-DX" # 1374
Sunday / 28 December 2025
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Russia - 
broadcasting, radio communications, television, internet, high tech.
QSL world. World DX news.
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Time: UTC
---------------------------------
Editor: Anatoly Klepov
---------------------------------
QTH: Moscow, Russia
---------------------------------
E-mail: rusdx@yandex.ru
Web site: http://rusdx.narod.ru (Russian / English)
Mailing List: letter from Editor & http://groups.google.com/group/rus-dx
Blog (QSL & photo): http://rusdx.blogspot.ru/
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The first issue was published in January 1991.
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"RUS-DX" may not be redistributed without permission.
If quoting from the bulletin, please list the original reporter and "RUS-DX" as source.
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Sorry, but here is only a machine translation.
Machine translation: 
http://translate.google.ru & https://translate.yandex.ru/ & https://www.bing.com/translator
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=====================
EDITOR'S NEWS
=====================

*
Happy New Year 2026 to all newsletter readers!
May 2026 be filled with happiness, health, and good fortune. May all your endeavors and plans become reality and not just dreams!
May this year only open doors for you that lead to success!
Collage: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/2026.html
*
New Year's Motifs.
------------------------------
-
In a few days, 2026 will begin. 2026 will be challenging for everyone, so it's important to preserve all the best things you've accumulated. Preserve not only things, but also positive emotions, valuable connections, and useful skills. Strive for harmony between work and rest, material goals and spiritual development. In general, preserving the best in 2026 means living consciously.
-
Merry Christmas and best wishes for a prosperous 2026!

May the New Year bring you great DX catches, strong signals, and many exciting listening moments.

73
Yimber Gaviria,
Escuchando La Radio.
-
Dear Anatoly,
Many thanks for sending us your RUS-DX bulletin regularly.
We also wish you a Merry Christmas and all the best for the New Year 2026,
Michael Bethge.
WORLDWIDE DX CLUB, Germany.
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/merry-christmas_25.html
-
Thanks very much to Anatoly and his "RUS-DX" (#1373) for this info. Always a pleasure to hear such a nice station
playing beautiful Xmas music from Russia.
RUSSIA. 1584, Chistaya Volna FM (Pure Wave FM), 0434+ UT, Dec 22, well heard via Kiwi SDR remote at Tambov, 
Russia; mostly non-stop Xmas music and announcers. https://t.me/chistaya_volna_fm_radio (Google translation:
"Pure Wave FM Radio - The history and life of the terrestrial radio 'Pure Wave FM' from the Krasnodar Territory 
since 2019 from the radio amateur and radio presenter Stanislav Zhuchenko. Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, 
Belorechensk, Maikop"). At 0500, news.
My remote audio (ID and mostly Xmas music) - https://app.box.com/s/piordyt9fnxzoxo3rcqmuo8irr00nr14.
Ron
San Francisco, California.
-
Liebe Hörerinnen und Hörer von RTI,
Das Team der deutschsprachigen Redaktion von Radio Taiwan International wünscht Ihnen ein frohes Weihnachtsfest!
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/merry-christmas_23.html
-
Liebe Frende,
im Namen aller Kollegen wünsche ich Ihnen ein friedvolles und segenreiches Weihnachtsfest und einen guten Rutsch ins Neue Jahr 2026!
Mit herzlichen Grüßen!
Rossiza Radulowa
Radio Bulgarien
deutsche Redaktion.
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/merry-christmas_81.html
-
Dear listeners,
During this special time of year, I want to share our most sincere gratitude with all of you. Thank you for being with us throughout the year, for your listening support, for every reception report, and for the constant encouragement you’ve shown toward RuquiRadioAM. Every message, every test, and every minute on the other side of the receiver inspires us to keep growing.
We wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year, filled with health, joy, and wonderful moments alongside the people you care about most.
We look ahead with excitement: 2026 is shaping up to be a great year for RuquiRadioAM, with new ideas, improvements, and projects we can’t wait to share with all of you.
Thank you for being part of this small but passionate radio family.
We’ll keep hearing each other on the air.
Jordan Alcolea 
RuquiRadioAM.
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/merry-christmas_13.html
-
December 25th. Catholic Christmas.
The "Television & Radio" administration congratulates all subscribers and group guests on Catholic Christmas!
Collage.
https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77539
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
-
2026, the Year of the Fire Horse: How to race full speed toward success? Search the internet for answers!
Contents:
- About the symbol of the year.
- How to properly celebrate the Year of the Fire Horse?
- Letting go of the old.
- Symbolism.
- Plenty of light.
- Where to celebrate?
- What to wear?
- What to treat guests to?
The symbol of 2026 does not tolerate procrastination, so preparations for its arrival must be energetic, ambitious, and well-timed.
We decided now is the perfect time to prepare the traditional article our readers look forward to every year!
Read more in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aR2qpcQfaV048DZf
(https://dzen.ru/intersvyaz)
-
Winter and New Year's logos 2025/2026:
(Continued. Started in the previous issue of the newsletter)
16 /
- Football.
- TNT4.
- MIR.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60760
17 /
- Lapki Live.
- Svoye TV (Stavropol).
- RTS (Abakan).
- Rybinsk-40 (R40).
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60770
18 /
- Moscow 24.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60783
19 /
TNT (+ announcements of New Year's projects).
More details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60784
20 /
- Auto Plus.
- Kitchen.
- My Element.
- Star.
- New Year's Romance.
More details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60785
21 /
- 365 Days.
- Tochka RF.
- Karusel.
- LenTV 24.
- Saint Petersburg.
- Live!
- Music Live.
- Omsk TV.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60786
22 /
- ATV (Stavropol).
- Moscow. Trust.
- My Planet.
- OTV Chelyabinsk.
- Anzherskoye TV (Kemerovo Region).
- Promotion (Omsk).
- Ural 24.
- Next TV (Neftekamsk).
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60791
23 /
- STS International.
- SUN.
- Salad Bowl!
- Pepper. More details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60817
24 /
- Saratov 24.
- Arkhyz 24.
- NSK 49.
- Belgorod 24.
- Volgograd 24.
- Sampo TV.
- Yenisei.
- ORT (Orenburg).
- Tobolsk Time.
- Yenisei.
- Yurgan.
More details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60819
25 /
- All TV.
- ArigUs 24 (Buryatia).
- Greater Asia.
- Cascade (Kaliningrad).
- Efir TV (Kazan).
- NTS Irkutsk.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60823
26 /
- Domashny International.
- Che!
- KinoTV.
- STS Kids.
- UDAR.
- Vostok 24.
- Sever (Naryan-Mar).
- TRK 555 (Alushta).
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60837
27 /
- Hunter and Fisherman HD.
- Fisherman HD.
- Country.
- Food.
- Tonus.
- Adventures.
- Zoo TV. - Hunter and Fisherman International.
- Countryside International.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60845
28 /
- TSV (Transnistria).
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60846
29 /
- OTR.
- TNT Music.
- Match!
- Match! Country.
- Tyumen Time.
- Reporter 73 (Ulyanovsk).
- Impulse.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60852
30 /
- Beaver.
- Breakaway Point.
- KHL.
- KHL Prime.
- Okko Championship.
- Match! Arena.
- Match! Game.
- Match! Premier.
- Match! Football 2.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60876
31 /
- Match! Planet.
- Match! Football 1.
- Match! Football 3.
- Match! Fighter.
Details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60877
32 /
- 360 News.
- 360.
- TVC.
More details: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60891
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
Radio Serebryarny dozhd.
The Serebryarny dozhd office is in a festive mood.
New Year's trees, lights, ribbons, and... lots of gifts! We're sharing photos with you and also letting you in on a secret: soon you'll find out what awaits you on air on December 31st! Stay tuned.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-614179_155868
The New Year is approaching... On December 31st, our radio station will play a special playlist—the story of a quarter of a century, which we'll tell together.
Collage. https://vk.com/wall-614179_155877
(https://vk.com/silverrain)
-
New Year's host marathon on Russkoe Radio: 12 hours of airtime and festive spirit.
The end of the year is a time to recap the most memorable moments, reminisce about the warmest memories, and sing your favorite songs. Russkoe Radio invites listeners to share in this special, festive atmosphere. On December 30th, you'll enjoy our traditional host marathon live!
Details in Russian: https://rmg.ru/news/novogodnij-marafon-vedushih-na-russkom-radio:-12-chasov-efira-i-prazdnichnogo-nastroeniya
(https://rmg.ru/)
-
New Year's show "Stars of Road Radio" - right after the chimes on Channel 5!
The New Year's show "Stars of Road Radio" will begin immediately after the chimes on Channel 5. Until five in the morning, TV stations broadcast warm and heartfelt songs performed by beloved artists. The entire country compiled the holiday playlist for the "Stars of Road Radio Top 10" hit parade!
Details in Russian: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60789
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
New Year's TV. TV schedule for December 31, 2025.
Ren TV / Zvezda / Muz-TV / Solntse / Mosfilm. Golden Collection.
Details in Russian: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60790
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
TV schedule for December 31 and January 1.
Channel One, Rossiya 1, STS, REN TV, TNT, and NTV
https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60816
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
New Year's TV. What's on air?
Moscow 24 will host a two-hour stream of New Year's AI videos on New Year's Eve. The channel has produced a total of 720 videos using AI.
Details in Russian + collage: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60792
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
New Year's video from the Perets TV channel (December 23, 2025)
https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60821
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
New Year's screensavers on Channel One 2026.
Several years ago, squirrels appeared in Channel One's New Year's screensavers. They played snowballs, set off firecrackers, and decorated a Christmas tree. From their first appearance, the squirrels were so popular with viewers that it was decided to make them regular characters in New Year's Eve screensavers.
Four years later, giraffes unexpectedly joined them, last winter elephants were added, and this year, gnomes joined the furry creatures.
https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60815
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
-
2026. Happy New Year!
Collage: https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77663
(Television & Radio / https://vk.com/public180684859)


===========================
FROM KAMCHATKA TO THE BALTICS
===========================

*
A meeting of the Federal Tender Commission for Television and Radio Broadcasting was held on December 23, 2025.
As a result of the tenders for the right to conduct terrestrial broadcasting using specific radio frequencies (hereinafter referred to as the Tender), the following were declared winners:
1. RRD LLC – Saratov, Saratov Oblast, 91.9 MHz, 1 kW, broadcast concept: "free";
2. PI FM LLC – Saratov, Saratov Oblast, 99.4 MHz, 1 kW, broadcast concept: "free";
3. MEGA-MEDIA LLC – Berezniki, Perm Krai, 92.1 MHz, 1 kW, broadcast concept: "free";
4. JSC "EURASIA-CLASSIC" RADIO STATION – Berezniki, Perm Krai, 92.9 MHz, 1 kW, broadcast concept: "free."
Source: https://rkn.gov.ru/docs/Soobshhenie_o_rezul6tatakh_k_12.25_ot_23.12.2025.docx
(Victor City / Telegram)
*
FCC Results
Saratov, Engels: 91.9 MHz – Radio Rodnyh Dorog, 99.4 MHz – PI FM
Berezniki: 92.1 MHz – Sol FM, 92.9 MHz – Monte Carlo
(PRO_FM / Telegram)
*
On holding tenders for the right to conduct terrestrial broadcasting using specific radio frequencies, dated February 25, 2026.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
(https://rkn.gov.ru/docs/Soobshhenie_o_provedenii_radio_02.26.docx). (https://rkn.gov.ru/docs/Soobshhenie_o_provedenii_radio_02.26.docx)
Tender terms: broadcasting time – "daily, around the clock"; broadcasting concept – "free."
The right to conduct terrestrial broadcasting using a radio frequency – for terrestrial analog radio broadcasting
Tender Subject 1: Omskaya oblast, Omsk (98.5 MHz, 1 kW).
Contest Subject 2: Omskaya oblast, Omsk (99.7 MHz, 1 kW).
Contest Subject 3: Melitopol Region, Zaporizhia (102.1 MHz, 0.25 kW).
Contest Subject 4: Melitopol Region, Zaporizhia (104.6 MHz, 1 kW).
Contest Subject 5: Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Region (92.4 MHz, 0.5 kW).
Contest Subject 6: Birobidzhan, Jewish Autonomous Region (94.0 MHz, 0.5 kW).
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Altaiskiy krai.
------------------
-
Starting December 23 (https://altairegion22.ru/press-center/news/biysk/zhitelyam-altaiskogo-naukograda-dostupen-novyi-informatsionnomuzykalnyi-radiokanal_1493723/?sphrase_id=1589973), a new information and music radio channel will be available in Biysk (https://altairegion22.ru/press-center/news/biysk/zhitelyam-altaiskogo-naukograda-dostupen-novyi-informatsionnomuzykalnyi-radiokanal_1493723/?sphrase_id=1589973) (https://altairegion22.ru/press-center/news/biysk/zhitelyam-altaiskogo-naukograda-dostupen-novyi-informatsionnomuzykalnyi-radiokanal_1493723/?sphrase_id=1589973). Following a meeting of the federal competition committee, Radio Iskatel received the right to broadcast in the Altai science city on the frequency 87.8 FM. This federal network of educational and music radio stations is available on the FM band to residents of many Russian cities (Barnaul, Kursk, Ufa, and others).
Radio Iskatel - Biysk's broadcast schedule combines information and music content, primarily Russian rock and original songs. It will also feature local news, up-to-date weather forecasts, and programs dedicated to Altai Krai tourism and its cultural heritage. The project is positioned as an information and music channel aimed at a male audience aged 25 to 45, passionate about sports, discovery, and travel. The Seeker's slogan is "Fight and seek. Find and never give up."
The radio station is broadcast in Barnaul and Biysk by the Region publishing house. The potential audience for the Seeker radio channel in the Altai Krai by 2026 is estimated to be approximately 1 million listeners.
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
-
We continue reporting on the news of the Region Publishing House (Altai Krai): (https://vk.com/wall-215531704_449)
In Altai Krai, a frequency change is planned for the Katun FM radio channel, which broadcasts jointly with its network partner, the Militseyskaya Volna radio channel. The upgrade will affect four towns in the region.
The switch to the new frequencies will take place on December 30, 2025, according to the following schedule (local time):
Zarinsk - from 9:00 AM;
Aleysk - from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM;
Kamen-na-Obi - from 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM;
Slavgorod - at 2:00 PM.
After the switchover, the Katun FM radio channel will be available on the following frequencies:
Aleysk — 100.3 MHz
Zarinsk — 99.4 MHz
Kamen-na-Obi — 106.6 MHz
Slavgorod — 104.3 MHz
Currently, broadcasting is being carried out on the previous frequencies:
Aleysk — 103.5 MHz
Zarinsk — 104.6 MHz
Kamen-na-Obi — 101.7 MHz
Slavgorod — 103.1 MHz
Listeners are advised to retune their radios after the specified switchover time to continue receiving Katun FM and Militia Wave programs without interruption.
For a full list of frequencies in other towns and villages in the Altai Krai, visit the Katun FM (https://katunfm.ru/broadcast) and Katun 24 (https://katun24.ru/) websites.
Katun FM is listened to by over a million people. It's a 24-hour radio station with a powerful signal and the largest coverage area in the Altai Krai. 40 hours of airtime per week are devoted to its own programming.
Katun FM has been broadcasting since February 1, 2011. Its network partner is the Moscow radio station "Militia Wave."
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Belgorodskaya oblast.
--------------------------------
-
Today, December 25th, Radio Z began broadcasting in Belgorod (https://vk.com/radio.tv_31?w=wall-83427404_27600) on 92.2 MHz.
UPDATE: Broadcasting on 105.2 MHz continues.
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
-
On December 26th, "Radio Festival" went live in Gubkin on 106.0 FM.
"Radio Festival" is a true journey into the world of music, where everyone will find something for themselves. This is a space where monotony has no place, and every day is a kaleidoscope of musical genres and styles.
Joy and inspiration for listeners of all ages and preferences. Good music knows no boundaries, and everyone can find something for themselves in it. Source: Belgorod Tochka FM / Telegram)
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Zaporizhzhskaya oblast.
-------------------------------
"Road Radio" expands broadcasting in Novorossiya.
"Road Radio" has launched broadcasts on the 98.9 MHz frequency. Broadcasts have presumably begun in the Zaporizhzhskaya Oblast.
Video of the station's reception: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60762
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.
----------------------------------------
License.
L033-00114-77/00060350
(https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00060350)
08/15/2017
04/12/2011
04/12/2026
KBR-MEDIA State Budgetary Institution
Radio "Kabardino-Balkaria" (168)
+Atazhukino 94.6 -- 0.03
+Zhankhoteco 99.3 -- 0.03
+Zayukovo 89.7 -- 0.1
+Kuba 107.4 -- 0.1
+Kichmalka 99.8 -- 0.03
+Sarmakovo 93.1 -- 0.1
+Shordakovo 99.8 -- 0.03
+Anzorey 88.5 -- 0.03
+Argudan 87.8 -- 0.25
+Verkhniy Lesken 89.4 -- 0.03
+Tashly-Tala 89.0 -- 0.03
+Khatuy 100.5 -- 0.03
Nalchik 99.5 -- 2
+Dalnee 97.9 -- 0.03
+Malakanovskoye 100.6 -- 0.03
+Inarkoy 107.2 -- 0.03
+Nizhniy Kurp 93.7 -- 0.03
+Novoye Khamidiye 97.5 -- 0.03
+Khamidiye 88.1 -- 0.03
+Bulungu 88.3 -- 0.03
+Nizhny Chegem 90.6 -- 0.03
+Khushto-Syrt 99.9 -- 0.03
+Eltyubyu 93.7 -- 0.03
+Bezengi 87.6 -- 0.03
+Upper Balkaria 88.0 -- 0.03
+Herpegezh 94.6 -- 0.1
+Karasu 99.7 -- 0.03
+Bedyk 88.5 -- 0.03
+Former 89.0 -- 0.03
+Verkhniy Baksan 97.5 -- 0.03
+Kendelen 98.8 -- 0.03
+Terskol 89.4 -- 0.03
+ Tyrnyauz 88.1 -- 0.1
+Elbrus 87.7 -- 0.1
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
*
Kaliningradskaya oblast.
------------------------------------
License terminated
Sovetsk 101.9 (Radio Massiv) (at the licensee's request)
(Victor City / Telegram)
*
Kurskaya oblast.
-----------------------
License.
Vesti FM license L033-00114-77/00065117
(https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00065117)
+Belovsky District, Korochka 97.9 — 0.1
+Khomutovka 105.7 — 0.1
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
*
Krasnodarskiy krai.
-----------------------------
-
Radio "Podsolnukh" on 102.9 FM ceased broadcasting in Korenovsk in December. The license (L033-00114-77/00056926 (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00056926) was revoked the day before yesterday due to the media outlet's closure. Social media has been inactive since December. The website (https://podsolnuh.media/) is still operational, and Korenovsk TV is still active at the time of publication.
Source: Radio and TV Krasnodar Krai / Adygea / Telegram)
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
-
Chistaya Volna plans to significantly expand its FM broadcasting network in Krasnodar Krai.
License.
L033-00114-77/00106465
(https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00106465)
02.08.2017
31.12.2017
02.08.2027
OOO "NOVYE SISTEMY"
Chistaya Volna (168)
Anapa (Lysaya Gora) 94.9 -- 0.03
+Khadyzhensk 107.9 -- 0.1
Belorechensk (Podgorny) 1.584 -- 0.03
Belorechensk 101.0 -- 0.095
Gelendzhik (Markotkhsky Ridge) 93.9 -- 0.1
+Otradnaya (Yuzhny) 93.6 -- 0.01
+Timashevsk 96.5 -- 0.1
Tuapse (Kadosh) 89.8 -- 0.1
+Ust-Labinsk 92.0 -- 0.03
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
-
On December 23, Dorognoye Radio resumed broadcasting in the city of Kropotkin (Krasnodar Krai) on 98.3 MHz. The partner is the First Region media group.
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Krasnoyarsk Krai.
-----------------------------
-
On December 22, the Krasnoyarsk Krai Regional Radio and Television Broadcasting Center (RTRS) branch, together with Radioset LLC, launched Radio Monte Carlo's FM broadcast in Norilsk on 88.7 MHz. A 490-watt transmitter provides the station's signal to more than 153,000 Norilsk residents.
Radio Monte Carlo features world-class music: classic jazz, pop, and rock, instrumental and classical compositions, as well as timeless hits from various eras and the best new releases.
(https://krasnoyarsk.rtrs.ru/tv/radioveshchanie/rtrs-nachal-fm-translyatsiyu-radio-monte-carlo-v-norilske-/?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fmoscow.rtrs.ru%2F)
-
Norilsk. FM.
87.5 Mayak
87.9 Radio Rossii
90.3 Vesti FM
91.1 Nashe Radio
91.5 Novoye Radio
101.4 Radio Rossii
102 Radio Rossii
102 RADIO-LOVE; Lyubov
102.5 Dorognoe Radio
103.5 Marusya FM
104 Russkoe Radio
104.5 Radio Iskatel
105.0 Radio "Severny Gorod"; Europa Plus
105.7 Radio Energia FM
106 Radio Station RADIO GOROD; Avtoradio
106.5 Radio Dacha
107.0 Radio Shanson
107.4 Radio Vera
107.8 Retro FM (Retro FM); Retro FM - Norilsk
(https://krasnoyarsk.rtrs.ru/tv/radioveshchanie/rtrs-nachal-fm-translyatsiyu-radio-monte-carlo-v-norilske-/?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fmoscow.rtrs.ru%2F)
*
Leningradskay oblast.
--------------------------------
In Volkhov, Europa Plus and Retro FM will begin broadcasting on new frequencies. New licenses have been obtained jointly with Media Telecom. Broadcasting will take place from a Rostelecom facility.
Retro FM license L033-00114-77/00066789
+Volkhov 92.2 MHz – 250 W
Europa Plus license L033-00114-77/00058700
+Volkhov 94.7 MHz – 250 W
(https://vk.com/wall-67314840_6242)
*
Lipetskaya oblast.
--------------------------
License. L033-00114-77/00060366
11/16/2012
12/18/2007
12/18/2035
OOO "RADIO ROKS-LIPETSK"
+Business FM Moscow (158); Vivaton (10)
Lipetsk 91.1 – 1
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
*
Moscow.
------------
Russkoe Radio Moscow broadcasts (105.7 FM) from the Balashikha radio tower.
The transmitter's power has been increased from 5 to 10 kW. Previously, it served as a backup transmitter, used during maintenance at the Ostankino TV Tower, where the main broadcasts were made until recently. This transmitter now serves as a backup, with its power reduced to 2.5 kW.
The above changes have been made to Russian Radio's broadcast license. No other changes have been observed.
Source: https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=Л033-00114-77/01635440&ysclid=mjiqoua2uv338890095
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
*
Nizhegorodskaya oblast.
-----------------------------------
-
License.
L033-00114-77/00067195
(https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00067195)
10/02/2020
10/02/2020
10/02/2030
MASMEDIA GROUP LLC
+Radio Energy FM (168)
Sarov 89.3 -- 0.25
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
-
Radio NRJ began broadcasting in Sarov on 89.3 MHz, replacing Hit FM.
(#RADIOTALK / Telegram)
*
Primorskiy krai.
----------------------------
-
Broadcast licenses for Radio 7, Radio Shanson, and Retro FM in Arsenyev have been invalidated as of December 19, following a request from the local licensee, Region Media LLC.
Radio 7 (95.8 MHz): https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=Л033-00114-77/00064663
Chanson (101.1 MHz): https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=Л033-00114-77/00064661
Retro FM (107.5 MHz): https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=Л033-00114-77/00064662
(https://vk.com/tv_fm)
-
Arsenyev.
Now you can hear Radio 25 REGION in your city (http://t.me/region25radio). Tune in to 94.1 FM now.
We'll be broadcasting news from all over Primorye, exciting music, and interesting guests.
And on the @region25radio channel, we'll tell you about life at the radio station, give away prizes, and simply make your day a little better.
(Radio 25 REGION / Telegram)
-
Dalnegorsk.
Catch the wave 88.7 FM and listen to the most coastal radio station, Radio 25 REGION (http://t.me/region25radio).
(Radio 25 REGION / Telegram)
-
Lesozavodsk.
Radio 25 REGION. Lesozavodsk, tune in to 97.5 FM
(Radio 25 REGION / Telegram)
-
Posyet.
Radio 25 REGION is already here – on the wave 88.7 FM
(Radio 25 REGION / Telegram)
*
Pskovskaya oblast.
------------------------
-
The Mozhaisk frequency 88.1 FM has been removed from the broadcast license of Like FM radio in Velikiye Luki, Pskov Oblast (L033-00114-77/00141109, licensee: SVYAZ MEDIA SERVICE LLC). Broadcasts on this frequency have not yet commenced.
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
-
License. L033-00114-77/00141109 (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00141109)
04/07/2022
09/01/2022
04/07/2032
SMS LLC
Like FM (168)
Velikiye Luki 91.5 -- 0.1
--Mozhaisk 88.1
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
*
Republic of Dagestan.
-----------------------------
-
License.
L033-00114-77/00053614 (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%252F00053614)
April 27, 2012
June 13, 2007
June 13, 2035
OOO "ALMAZ"
+Radio Shanson (168)
Makhachkala 103.7 -- 0.08
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
-
-
Radio Shanson began broadcasting in Makhachkala 27 December on 103.7 MHz, replacing Avtoradio, which will soon be moving to 99.0 MHz.
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Rostovskaya oblast.
----------------------------
On December 26, "Radio Russian Hit" began broadcasting on 96.1 FM in the city of Rostov-on-Don, a city with a population of over one million. Starting today, Russian hits can also be heard on this same frequency in the city of Bataysk.
The total population reach is over 1,477,600 people. The broadcasting license is held by Krutoy Media.
Details in Russian: https://www.krutoymedia.ru/news/14558.htm
(https://www.krutoymedia.ru/)
*
Samarskaya oblast.
--------------------------
License.
L033-00114-77/03869843
(https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F03869843)
12/02/2025
12/02/2025
12/02/2035
TREND-INFO LLC
Legkaya Volna Radio (168)
+Sukhodol (Sergievsk) 102.2 - 0.25
(#RADIOGOVOR & Victor City / Telegram)
*
Stavropolskiy krai.
---------------------
On December 23, 2025, DFM broadcasting on 107.0 MHz began in Svetlograd. Transmitter power 10 W.
(https://vk.com/public204049665)
*
Udmurt Republic.
----------------------------------
Love Radio (DII TI MEDIA LLC (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77/04058110)) [change of licensee (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00059878)]
+Votkinsk 97.2 -- 0.01
(#RADIOGOVOR/ Telegram)
*
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra.
-----------------------
License.
L033-00114-77/04058106 (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77/04058106) [licensee change (https://rkn.gov.ru/activity/mass-media/for-broadcasters/teleradio/?id=%D0%9B033-00114-77%2F00058397)]
December 24, 2025
September 15, 2016
September 15, 2026
OOO "RADIO KOIGORODOK"
Radio Energy FM
+Nizhnevartovsk 90.7 -- 1
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
Chelyabinskaya oblast.
------------------------------
On December 31, 2025, radio listeners in the region will receive a pre-New Year's gift on air. Radio Olimp will begin broadcasting in the city of Satka on 92.2 MHz, and in January 2026, in the city of Snezhinsk on 90.6 MHz.
(https://vk.com/wall-18520524_46340)
*
Russia / Moldova.
--------------------------
Russian radio program schedule from the Transnistrian Radio Center transmitter.
Introduced on January 1, 2026
Frequency / kW / / Time / Program / Direction
999 kHz / 1000 kW / 11:00-15:00 UTC / Radio Russia / Moldova, Ukraine, Europe
1413 kHz / 500 kW / 18:00-05:00 UTC / Vesti FM / Crimea, Ukraine
(https://vk.com/club158109176)

=============
DIGEST. NEWS.
==============

*
December 20.
------------------
Two years ago, on December 20, 2023, the Cossack radio station "PIKA" began broadcasting in Luhansk on 96.7 MHz.
From the history of radio broadcasting:
Melitopol was the first city to broadcast. Broadcasting began in the fall of 2023 on 104.1 MHz.
Details in Russian + images: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60844
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
December 21.
------------------
On December 21, 2025, the Chelyabinsk radio station "Olimp" turned 26 years old!
Its broadcasts are based on golden hits and the best contemporary songs. Every weekday from 7 a.m. to 12 noon, hosts Arina Sergeeva and Alexey Sogrin lift the spirits of radio listeners on their program "Morning on Olympus."
(#RADIOGOVOR / Telegram)
*
December 21st.
------------------
STS International TV channel turns 16!
STS International is a Russian international entertainment channel, the international version of the Russian federal channel STS. Initially, its broadcast consisted of a mix of content from three channels: STS, Domashniy, and DTV-Perets. Series and programs from the STS archive were also featured.
Details in Russian + images: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60774
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
December 21st.
------------------
Exactly 8 years ago today, STUDIO 21 Radio began broadcasting.
This youth radio station, run by the European Media Group, is dedicated to hip-hop culture. 
More details in Russian + radio station logo:
https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17437
https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17447
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
*
December 22.
------------------
In 1857, the decision was made to introduce the first postage stamps in Russia.
(TELEK-pressa.ru Newspaper, #51/2025)
*
December 23.
-------------------
On this day, December 23, 1899, Russian inventor Alexander Apollonovich Polumordvinov (1874-1942) filed an application for a system that, as he described it, allowed for "transmitting an image with all colors and their shades and all shadows."
Details in Russian + photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26455
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)
*
December 23rd.
------------------
On this day (December 23rd), exactly 15 years ago, "Radio Chocolate" was launched in Moscow on 98.0 FM, replacing "98 Hits."
Initially, this radio station played light foreign pop music from various eras for a female audience. At the same time, 25% of the broadcast schedule was made up of infotainment programs.
Details in Russian + radio station logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17466
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
*
December 24th.
-------------------
Radio Petersburg is 101 years old.
Radio station logo: https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77531
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
*
December 24.
----------------
On December 24, 1924, the words "This is Leningrad!" were first broadcast from a small studio set up in a cozy mansion on Pesochnaya Street (now named after Professor A.S. Popov). The power of the first radio station, created by employees of the Central Radio Laboratory, was modest—just one kilowatt.

(https://radio-dialog.ru/)
*
December 24.
------------------
On this day—December 24, 1974—Radio Station No. 1 of the Kaliningrad Radio Center of the Regional Production and Technical Directorate
of Communications was established by Order No. 607 of the USSR Ministry of Communications.
Radio Center No. 5 is located near the villages of Bolshakovo and Desantnoye in the Slavsky District of the Kaliningrad Region.
On December 24, 1979, based on Order No. 548 of the USSR Ministry of Communications, Radio Station No. 1 of the Kaliningrad Radio Center was renamed Radio Center No. 5 of the Union Radio Broadcasting and Radio Communications Hub No. 2.
- https://vk.com/wall-163779953_36429
On December 19, 1988, the Minister of Communications issued an order "On the cessation of jamming of foreign radio stations broadcasting to the Soviet Union."
Prior to this, on November 30, 1988, the USSR officially ceased jamming Western radio stations.
- https://ria.ru/20070524/66022033.html
(Alexey Yurchenkov, Radiopriem / Telegram)
-
On December 24, 1974, Radio Center No. 5 was commissioned in the village of Bolshakovo, Slavsky District, Kaliningrad Oblast.
Video: 0:44
https://vk.com/wall-158109176_4025
(https://vk.com/club158109176)
*
December 25.
-----------------
100 years ago, on December 25, 1925, the first test civilian radio broadcast in the Far East was conducted in Vladivostok by V.E. Cherepnin, a student at the Vladivostok Polytechnic Institute, and D.T. Pilyay and A.I. Glebov, engineers at a military radio station.
Article in the "Encyclopedia of Primorye": alltopprim.ru/archives/778
(https://vk.com/tv_fm)
*
December 25.
------------------
December 25, 1991 (exactly 34 years ago) – the collapse of the USSR.
Video in Russian: 24:34
Television address by M.S. Gorbachev, the only president of the USSR.
https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77574
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
*
December 25.
-----------------
On this day (December 25), exactly 34 years ago, Radio MAXIMUM launched in Moscow on 103.7 FM.
This radio station plays the best foreign rock music of various styles and eras—from Nirvana and Queen to Coldplay and Imagine Dragons. It was the organizer of the MAXIDROM and MAXIDANCE festivals, where Thirty Seconds to Mars, Rammstein, HIM, Linkin Park, IAMX, and many others performed over the years.
Details in Russian + radio station logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17523
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
-
On December 25, 1991, Radio MAXIMUM, a Russian-American radio station, first went on air.
(https://radio-dialog.ru/)
-
The evolution of Radio Maximum's logos.
https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77569
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
*
December 25.
------------------
On this day (December 25), exactly 18 years ago, "Children's Radio" launched in Moscow on 96.8 FM.
It is Russia's first federal terrestrial radio station for children and their parents. It is part of the Gazprom-Media Group and part of the GPM Radio subholding.
Details in Russian + station logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17516
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
-
On December 25th, Children's Radio turns 18!
Collage: https://vk.com/wall-18724321_89517
(https://vk.com/detifm)
*
December 26.
-----------------
FM radio was patented on December 26, 1933. Frequency modulation was proposed by the American Edwin Armstrong.
(https://radio-dialog.ru/)
*
December 26.
------------------
On December 26, 2014, a new local radio station, "Novorossiya Rocks," began broadcasting on 106.8 MHz in Donetsk.
Details in Russian + station logo: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60871
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
December 27.
------------------
On this day (December 27), exactly 34 years ago, the All-Union Television and Radio Broadcasting Company was abolished and reorganized into the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company.
Details in Russian + TV company logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17551
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
*
December 27.
-------------------
Today, the children's and youth TV channel "Karusel" turns 15.
Channel logo and video (1:53 PM): https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77692
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
-
Exactly 15 years ago today, the children's and youth TV channel "Karusel" launched. It was formed by Channel One and VGTRK through the merger of Telenyanya and Bibigon, with the goal of becoming the first federal public television channel for children and adolescents.
Details in Russian + channel logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17549
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
-
Today, the Karusel TV channel turns 15 years old.
Details in Russian + images: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60892
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
December 27.
-------------------
Exactly four years ago today, "First Sports Radio" launched in Moscow on 94.4 FM.
Details in Russian + station logo: https://vk.com/wall-194965312_17550
(https://vk.com/tvradiomsk)
*
December 27.
-------------------
Chanson TV - 19 years on air!
The channel first aired on December 27, 2006.
Details in Russian: https://vk.com/wall-134632126_60894
(https://vk.com/teleradioldnr)
*
Collage. RUS-DX. 2026.
-----------------------------------------
RUS-DX Bulletin #1373
Date: December 21, 2025
Online community page - Escuchando La Radio & https://t.me/listeningtotheradio
Author: Yimber Gaviria, Colombia.
View the collage here - https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/rus-dx-2026.html
*
Collage. Program "Radiopanorama".
----------------------------------------------------------------
In Russian.
Moscow. World Radio Network
December 20, 2025. (Repeat of the program from December 17).
A show for radio enthusiasts who love long-distance reception!
Hosted by Vadim Alekseev.
Online community page - Escuchando La Radio & https://t.me/listeningtotheradio
Author: Yimber Gaviria, Colombia.
View the collage here - https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/radiopanorama_20.html
*
Radio Panorama Program.
--------------------------------------
In Russian.
Moscow. World Radio Network.
December 27, 2025
Radio Panorama Program for long-distance radio enthusiasts.
Author and host: Vadim Alekseev.
Audio file available on this page -
https://wrn.world/program/30cef3cb-3197-4eef-b04d-18ccb089f75b/
(https://wrn.world/)
*
Book available online.
------------------------
In Russian.
Radio Receivers and Their Repair. Borovik S.S., 1982.
https://vk.com/wall-163779953_100427
(https://vk.com/radioreceiver)
*
Why was it so difficult to get a home phone in the USSR?
----------------------------------------------------------
I remember as a child, my father would constantly go to the neighbors' houses to call for work—we didn't have a home phone for a long time; there was a huge line. There were only two other happy owners of a home phone in the building; one wouldn't let me in, while the other was happy to let me call. My father constantly paid for this by giving the neighbors various "presents." Another friend, working as a director of some base, managed to persuade his neighbors to "buy out" their phone. Unofficially, he simply installed a line to his house and used it occasionally. The neighbors were disconnected from the phone, and the number was given to other people... But that's just a cliche. Yes, in the USSR, a home phone was only available to a few—the lines stretched for decades. Let's look into the matter in more detail. 
Details in Russian + photos: https://dzen.ru/a/aUcHr5YnuGeoR08H
(https://dzen.ru/id/634d696c157f7d410f654061)
*
IMEI number registry in Russia. A Turkish scenario for killing the electronics market.
------------------------------------------------------------
Contents:
- Where did it all begin? IMEI number registry.
- What is an IMEI number, and how many are in a phone or other device.
- Fighting drones and linking an IMEI number to a SIM card.
- Fighting smuggling, collecting taxes on smartphones. The Turkish example.
- How device registration can be implemented in Russia.
Why an IMEI number registry is a bad idea that will kill the Russian electronics market. About lost taxes, lost jobs, and other troubles for us all.
Read more in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUUwOuj8yzbxqYfE
(https://dzen.ru/mobile-review.com)
*
St. Petersburg.
-----------------------
The city and the TV tower.
Frosty morning.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-72537297_28052
(https://vk.com/public72537297)
*
Secret Windows keyboard shortcuts: what the system hides from ordinary users.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Contents:
- Why Windows hides its best features.
- Rescue from graphical collapse.
- Task Manager without unnecessary ceremony.
- Virtual desktops: multitasking like adults.
- Clipboard with memory.
- Screenshots without the hassle.
- Emoji without a smartphone.
- Quick access to system resources.
- Workspace protection with one click.
- Context menu without a mouse.
- What was left behind the scenes.
- Why is it important to know?
Yesterday, a fellow programmer stood frozen over his laptop, his face impassive. The screen was flickering, the cursor wasn't moving, and the deadline was blaring red on the calendar. I was about to reach for the reset button, but he stopped me with a gesture and pressed a mysterious four-key combination. The screen flickered, the system came back to life, and work continued. "What was that?" - "Win+Ctrl+Shift+B. Restarting the video driver. Saves five minutes on every freeze."
Details in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUUsfkGgnHgJYcoU
(https://dzen.ru/pochinka_blog)
*
Russians Face Delays in International Parcels
---------------------------------------------------
Russians have experienced longer delivery times for international parcels. The main reasons for this are the traditional pre-New Year surge in shipments and congestion in international delivery channels, according to RBC. Rambler also reported this.
Tighter customs and border controls have also had an additional impact. According to market participants, clearance procedures have become more thorough and take longer, meaning parcels can sit at the border for weeks. In certain product categories, delivery times have doubled or more.
The Federal Customs Service, however, claims that international shipments are being processed within the statutory timeframes. Customs has increased shifts and redistributed personnel to accommodate the seasonal increase in parcel flow. Next in Russian: https://finance.rambler.ru/money/55809601/?utm_content=finance_media&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink
(https://www.rambler.ru/)
*
Parcels haven't arrived. Why are Russians experiencing massive delivery delays before the New Year?
-----------------------------------------------------------
Contents:
- Why are parcels delayed?
- What to do if your parcel doesn't arrive.
The pre-New Year rush affects the lives of everyone in our country. While some of us are trying to finish our chores as quickly as possible, others are searching for New Year's gifts, ordering them primarily online. Many tried to do this in advance, buying cool little things on AliExpress back in early December, but now we're seeing a flood of complaints about parcels not arriving, even though the big day is literally a week away. 
Details in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUq2MCUCqz9V93VH#pochemy_zaderjivaetsya_poslka
(https://dzen.ru/androidinsider.ru)
*
The Google Assistant's retirement date has been announced.
------------------------------------------------------------
The voice assistant will be replaced by the Gemini chatbot, which will feature advertising.
The Google Assistant [https://hi-tech.mail.ru/review/111214-luchshie-golosovye-pomoshchniki/] will officially cease operations in 2026. This was announced in a Google blog post [https://support.google.com/gemini/thread/396052272]. Support for the Google Assistant will end in March 2026. The voice assistant will no longer be available on Android or other devices. The Google Assistant will be replaced by the AI ​​chatbot Google Gemini. Also, in March 2026, the Google Assistant app will be removed from the Google Play Store. If you have a smartphone with Android 10 and at least 2 GB of RAM, your device will automatically switch from Google Assistant to Gemini after March 2026. If your smartphone doesn't support Android 10, it won't be compatible with Gemini and won't work with Assistant.
Details in Russian: https://hi-tech.mail.ru/news/139678-obyavleny-sroki-prekrasheniya-raboty-google-assistenta/
(https://mail.ru/)
*
A few words about radio: about night broadcasts.
---------------------------------------
When the city sleeps and lonely streetlights glow outside, radio broadcasts become especially personal. You breathe in the night air, disconnect from everything unnecessary, and are alone with your listeners.
Tuesday. And OnAir.ru once again presents a new story from the "Notes of a Merry Radio Fireman" series. No pretentiousness, no unnecessary words—just life on the radio.
Details in Russian: https://onair.ru/main/enews/view_msg/NMID__93602/
(https://onair.ru/)
*
Does a flash drive deteriorate if it's not used for years?
---------------------------------------------------
Contents:
- How does a flash drive work?
- Do I need to charge my flash drive?
- Where do I store the data then?
- Do you store data on a flash drive?
Do I need to charge my flash drive periodically? In the digital age, a reasonable question arises: "Where do I store the data I've accumulated over the years?"... Photos from my smartphone, documents, videos, and much more. Experience has shown that many people store data on regular USB flash drives—after all, such a gadget costs literally a few hundred rubles. In this article, we'll look at what happens if you store data on a flash drive for a long time.
Details in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUjUvmn0PGPTChdB
(https://dzen.ru/poznyaevru)
*
Why shouldn't you store files on flash drives? They're the worst place for your photos and documents.
--------------------------------------------------------
Table of Contents:
- Memory that Forgets Itself.
- Limited Rewrite Life.
- Mechanical Fragility Disguised as Durability.
- Counterfeit Gigabytes.
- Viruses Love Flash Drives.
- What to Do Instead of Flash Drives.
- The Rule of Three Copies.
- A Flash Drive for Transfer, Not for Storage.
Yesterday evening, Andrey was preparing for his thesis defense. A presentation, three years of research, hundreds of pages of text—all on a small blue flash drive in his pocket. In the morning, the computer displayed the message: "Device Not Recognized." The data was gone. Recovery failed. Protection was broken.
Details in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUlL5tJH4X0wN0-0#pamyat_kotoraya_zabvaet_sama
(https://dzen.ru/pochinka_blog)
*
Moscow. A metro train dedicated to RT's anniversary was spotted at the Strogino metro station.
----------------------------------------
Video: 0:32
https://vk.com/wall-119177_530975
(https://vk.com/stroginomos)
*
How long do modern TVs last, how to extend their lifespan, and is it worth repairing?
--------------------------------------------------------------------
AI. This post was presumably created using artificial intelligence.
Buying a TV these days isn't just a trip to the store for a box with a screen. It involves a significant investment, the expectation of a good picture, and the hope that the technology won't let you down in a couple of years. I've often encountered situations where people are surprised: the TV isn't exactly the cheapest, but the problems started too early. This raises questions about how long modern models last, why some last so long while others fail almost immediately, why they fail, and what simple steps can help extend their lifespan in normal home conditions.
What determines their service life?
More details in Russian: https://vk.com/wall-72537297_28055
(https://vk.com/public72537297)
*
The evolution of the "Detskoe Radio" radio station logos.
----------------------------------
https://vk.com/wall-180684859_77572
(https://vk.com/public180684859)
*
608 million plays: Children's Radio podcasts summarize the year.
----------------------------------------------------
Children's Radio summarizes the 2025 results in the digital audio content segment. Over the year, the station's podcasts garnered 608.5 million plays on digital platforms*, with the flagship project "HRUM, or Fairytale Detective" taking the lead with 291.3 million plays.
Details in Russian: https://www.gpmradio.ru/news-page/uid/46331
(https://www.gpmradio.ru/)
*
Book online.
-------------------
In Russian
Transistor Radios. Handbook. I.T. Krupinin.
https://vk.com/wall-163779953_100478
(https://vk.com/radioreceiver)
*
Russian Post commented on Mash's report about the layoff of 40,000 employees.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Mash: 40,000 Russian Post employees resigned due to low wages
Russian Post commented to TASS on Mash's Telegram channel publication about mass layoffs. According to the media project, tens of thousands of employees have resigned from the company over the past year due to low wages. "The company's staff turnover over the past 11 months is 32.9%, one of the lowest rates in the industry and among comparable retail companies," Russian Post reported. At the end of November 2023, the company employed 280,000 people, with salaries being increased for 115,000 employees, the company stated. Russian Post currently employs over 200,000 people, the company noted.
Today, the Telegram channel Mash reported that approximately 40,000 employees have left Russian Post over the past year due to low salaries and an ever-growing list of responsibilities. The highest staff turnover is observed among branch managers, while employees at Moscow branches earn an average of 43,000 rubles, according to the channel's publication.
(https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/8316516)
*
In the city of nuclear scientists, TVK, a television company that had been on the air for 35 years, is shutting down.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The reason for this decision was a lack of funding. The last news broadcast will be on December 26th, according to Kurskie Izvestia.
The channel was long supported by the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant, but its contract with the broadcaster was not renewed for next year. Other sources of income (advertising and the owner's investments) cannot cover all expenses, including the salaries of seven employees.
TVK management attempted to transfer the company and its equipment to the city administration, but the mayor's office and the Kurchatov City Duma refused the additional financial burden.
Over the years, TVK has become an important part of city life: journalists helped solve housing and utilities problems, pushed for the relocation of inconveniently located pharmacies, raised funds for children's treatment, and even rescued birds. The programs "Face to Face" and "Close-up" were broadcast on air and on social media. The channel's operations are currently suspended, but its media license has not been revoked. The company hopes to find funding to resume broadcasting in the future.
(https://kurskcity.ru/news/citynews/268413)
*
What popular Soviet household appliances were produced by military factories?
----------------------------------------------------------------
Contents:
- Voronezh and Rekord B-312 televisions.
- Mir refrigerators.
- Zenit-E camera.
- Astra tape recorder.
- Elektronika-1 watch.
- MD-47 microphone.
The Soviet Union had an interesting system: military factories produced household appliances alongside the defense industry. A factory would make radars for the army and assemble televisions at the same time. It would produce optics for tanks and churn out cameras. This was called conversion.
There were many such examples, but let's recall a few of the most legendary ones—household appliances that were produced in military factories and that were found in many Soviet homes.
Details in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUxHPsIhYzt-MLPN
(https://dzen.ru/kolbin_review)
*
On January 12, the village of Verkhneye Yakutino near Veliky Ustyug will kick off a year of amateur radio activity, organized by RTRS, the operator of the world's largest digital terrestrial television network.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Russian Father Frost will take to the shortwave airwaves and conduct radio communications with amateur radio stations in Russia and other countries. This will be the symbolic beginning of a nationwide initiative—a radio expedition consisting of 12 stages.
Details in Russian: https://moscow.rtrs.ru/press/announcements/ded-moroz-iz-velikogo-ustyuga-otkroet-god-aktivnosti-radiolyubiteley-rtrs/
(https://moscow.rtrs.ru/press/updates/)
*
Saint Petersburg. 
------------------------
Photo: https://vk.com/public72537297?z=photo-59176345_457242677%2Fb3190493ee0ef89564
The St. Petersburg TV Tower will play a celebratory show in honor of the 25th anniversary of the Main Radio Frequency Center.
Details in Russian: https://vk.com/wall-72537297_28057
(https://vk.com/public72537297)
*
2025 in Review: What Was the Internet Talking About All Year? Memes and Trends: Part 1.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Viral videos, memes, and trends in 2025 came and went so quickly that it was hard to keep track.
At the end of the year, it's customary to take stock – so we decided to remember what we said, what we watched, listened to, and laughed at!
Get comfortable – let's begin our meme marathon!
Read more in Russian: https://dzen.ru/a/aUFOP1C2yH5XiA78
(https://dzen.ru/intersvyaz)
*
Google will remove its old servers from Russian providers.
---------------------------------------------------
Google has notified Russian providers that it plans to remove its equipment that has reached the end of its lifespan. Experts say this will not affect the quality of service for users. Google sent a letter to Russian internet service providers announcing its plans to remove Dell R720 caching servers. Several sources among the providers told RBC this.
These servers were used as part of the Google Global Cache (GGC) system, which accelerates content delivery to users. Google installs these servers with telecom operators worldwide, including in Russia until 2022. These servers store (cached) Google content most in demand by internet users: YouTube videos, maps, updates for Android apps and the Chrome browser, as well as images from Google search. Because this content is stored on local servers, it loads faster. 
More details in Russian: https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/26/12/2025/694e74d29a794718a8ff1020?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fdzen.ru%2Fnews%2Fstory%2Fe5639b5f-c2ea-51e9-b150-d033e3497fae
(https://www.rbc.ru/)
*
Book online.
-----------------
In Russian
Fundamentals of Radio Engineering and Communications.
https://vk.com/wall-163779953_100511
(https://vk.com/radioreceiver)
*
A selection of current Telesputnik news from December 22–26, 2025, in an express review format.
--------------------------------------------
Video in Russian: 04:41
https://telesputnik.ru/materials/trends/video/telesputnik-ekspress-ctv-reklama-internet-v-poezdax-i-kiberugrozy
https://vk.com/wall-46499225_15207
Today's episode:
- Cyberattacks on telecom and IT have become more complex and destructive
- The global cloud infrastructure market reached $102.6 billion in the third quarter
- The Central Bank presented a concept for the legal circulation of cryptocurrency in Russia
- Satellite internet on Russian trains will not appear until 2027
- CTV advertising market growth in 2026 will be supported by budgets from other sources Channels
(https://telesputnik.ru/)


==================================
USSR TV SHOWS from the 60s, 70s, and 80s.
=====================================

The "Telecourier" program.
----------------------------------
Program history: "Telecourier" was launched in 1985 on Leningrad TV (Channel 5) and aired weekly on Saturdays. It was a typical perestroika program, of which many more were later produced. Beginning in 1987, the program was broadcast throughout the Soviet Union on the central channel. An orange "Rafik" with phone numbers on its sides drove around Leningrad all day, searching for stories for its programs. By evening, the stories were supposed to be on air. There was practically live feedback from viewers. The program was devoid of any officialdom and was initially very popular with viewers, including criticism of the city authorities. Such programs had never been seen on Soviet TV before. "Telecourier" was the prototype and, one might say, the pioneer of "black-life" programs. It showed the "other side of life" of ordinary Leningraders. The poverty of communal apartments contrasts with a report from a closed cafeteria at Smolny, where prices for hard-to-find delicacies are simply ridiculous.
Details in Russian + photos: https://tv-80.ru/informacionnye/telekurer/
(https://tv-80.ru/)


========================
RADIO ENGINEERING. HISTORY.
==========================
-
Sokol-M and Sokol-403 Radio Receivers.
------------------------------------------------
Produced from 1970 and 1971 by the Moscow Radio Plant. The Sokol-M is based on the Sokol receiver and operates in the long and medium wave ranges. Sensitivity is 3 mV/m and 1 mV/m. Selectivity is 20 dB.
Details in Russian + photos: https://www.rw6ase.narod.ru/index1/radiopriem/rp_pp/rp_pp3/sokol403.html
(http://www.rw6ase.narod.ru/)
-
Portable radio receiver "Sokol-2".
---------------------------------------------------
Manufactured by the Moscow State Radio Plant "Krasny Oktyabr" since 1965. The receiver is based on the "Sokol" receiver, differing from it in that it includes a shortwave range instead of a longwave one. The receiver is a superheterodyne, built with 8 transistors. It is designed to receive radio broadcasts in the MW range using an internal magnetic antenna, and in the SW range (25...49 m) using a telescopic whip antenna.
Details in Russian + photos: https://www.rw6ase.narod.ru/index1/radiopriem/rp_pp/rp_pp3/sokol2.html
(http://www.rw6ase.narod.ru/)
-
A New Year-themed photo section.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
In the background is a black-and-white Znamya-58 television, which was produced at the Kozitsky Plant in Leningrad beginning in 1958. This model of television was also exported to the Finnish market; these televisions came with a wired remote control (photo 2). The explanatory text on the back of the television was in Finnish (photo 3).
At the Expo '58 World Exhibition, the Znamya-58 television won the Grand Prix.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26401
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)
+
The first photo shows a family from Norilsk preparing to celebrate the New Year of 1966. The photo shows a "Rekord B" black-and-white television, produced since 1959 at the Aleksandrovsky Radio Plant.
We would like to thank Pavel Serkov, an engineer from Yekaterinburg, for the detailed photographs of this television model.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26424
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)
+
Post from our subscriber Kirill Tsarev vk.com/tsc1994 for the "New Year's Photo" section.
The photo shows a "Radium-A" black-and-white television, manufactured by the Gorky State Union Order of Lenin Plant. Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26461
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)
+
The photo shows a Tauras-211/D black-and-white television, produced by the Šiauliai Television Plant since 1982.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26519
+
Purchase of a Yenisei Model 3 television on New Year's Eve. Yenisei 3 televisions have been produced by the Krasnoyarsk Television Plant since 1962.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26546
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)
-
Who makes a Hi-Fi radio so crudely?
--------------------------------------------------
The other day, I received a photo from the "Buy my radio, Uncle" series. The first thing that came to mind when looking at this radio was, "Which Papa Carlo carved you with an axe?"
Details in Russian + photos: https://dzen.ru/a/aUMIAsBY035IuvS3
(https://dzen.ru/poleznoe)
-
The first mass-produced telephone in the USSR – the TAN-5.
------------------------------------------------
Work on the TAN-5 began in the 1940s, and its industrial production was roughly established in 1947-1948. Initially, production took place at the Krasnaya Zarya Telephone Plant in Leningrad. This enterprise had a rich history, having been founded before the revolution as an Ericsson plant. In the post-war period, production of the devices also expanded to other industrial sites. According to some reports, in the early 1950s, production of the TAN-5 model was partially transferred or duplicated at the Perm Telephone Plant. This dispersal of production was the result of a large-scale reorganization of the industrial complex, which began with the evacuation of Krasnaya Zarya equipment to Ufa in 1941.
Details in Russian + photos: https://dzen.ru/a/aUbfvE-K1iSAA8VQ
(https://dzen.ru/id/634d696c157f7d410f654061)
-
"Belarus 4" TV radio from the Minsk Radio Plant.
Photo by collector Andrei Minkin.
Photo: https://vk.com/wall-177507201_26482
(https://vk.com/retrotvussr)

=========
QSL World
=========

AK = Anatoly Klepov, Moscow, Russia.
KB = Konstantin Barsenkov, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
VL = Vasily Lazarev, Samarskaya oblast, Russia.

*
Australia.
----------------
Reach Beyond Australia / HCJB / Japanese Sce (AUS)
e-QSL: 15460 kHz / 10.58-11.30 UTC / Dec. 20-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2017/06/reach-beyond-australia-hcjb.html
(KB)
*
Canada / Germany.
--------------------------
eQSL Pop Shop Radio,
British Columbia Canada.
E-mail: popshopperadio[at]gmail.com
24 December 2025 / 17.00-18.00 UTC / 3955 kHz
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/pop-shop-radio_24.html
(AK)
-
eQSL Pop Shop Radio,
British Columbia Canada.
E-mail: popshopperadio[at]gmail.com
25 December 2025 / 16.00-16.30 UTC / 5875 kHz
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/pop-shop-radio_25.html
(AK)
*
Canada / UK
------------------
Pop Shop Radio / via Encompass (UK)
e-QSL: 9670 kHz / 10:00-11:00 UTC / Dec. 26-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2020/09/pop-shop-radio.html
(KB)
*
Costa Rica / Germany.
---------------------------------
All Tribes Radio / via Channel 292 (D)
e-QSL: 9670 kHz / 14:15-15:00 UTC / Dec. 21-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2020/12/all-tribes-radio.html
(KB)
*
Germany.
---------------
-
Radio Power Rumpel.
E-mail: radiopr[at]partyheld.de
19 December 2025 / 13.00-14.00 UTC / 6070 kHz (via Channel 292)
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/radio-powerrumpel.html
Our WINTER broadcast times on shortwave at channel 292 (subject to change due to jamming):
Every second Sunday of the month at 11:00 UTC (12:00 CET) on 6070 kHz, repeated every third Friday of the month at 13:00 UTC (14:00 CET) on 6070 kHz and at 17:00 UTC (18:00 CET) on 3955 kH
(AK)
-
JAKE-FM / via Encompass (UK)
e-QSL: 9670 kHz / 14:00-15:00 UTC / Dec. 26, 2025
Blog: https://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2019/11/radio-jake-fm.html
(KB)
*
Netherlands.
-------------------
Radio Casanova (NL)
e-QSL: 6020 kHz / 07.00-07.20 UTC / Dec.21-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2018/10/radio-casanova.html
(KB)
-
Radio Piepzender (NL)
e-QSL: 7395 kHz / 19.13-19.40 UTC / Sep.13-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2020/09/radio-piepzender.html
We are currently testing on 7405 kHz and 13585 kHz. We will soon be launching 11840 kHz as well. Initially, these will be test transmissions at 100 watts. If this goes well, the power may be increased later.
So keep a close eye on these frequencies. We would greatly appreciate it if you would send us a reception report. We will respond with a nice QSL card as a thank you.
Who knows, you might hear our station again soon.
Sincerely,
Radio Piepzender
Email: radioqsl@hotmail.com
Website: https://www.piepzender.nl/
……………………
We are currently testing on 7405 kHz and 13585 kHz. We will also soon begin operation on 11840 kHz. Initially, these will be test transmissions at 100 watts. If all goes well, the power may be increased later.
So keep a close eye on these frequencies. We would greatly appreciate it if you would send us a reception report. In return, we will send you a QSL card as a token of our gratitude.
Who knows, maybe you will hear our station again soon.
Sincerely,
Radio Piepzender
Email: radioqsl@hotmail.com
Website: https://www.piepzender.nl/
(KB)
*
Russia / Germany.
--------------------------
QSL card "Voice of the Andes" - Radio Studio "Otkrovenie".
11/01/2025 / 15:30-16:00 UTC / Russian / 9500 kHz / Nauen
Image: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/blog-post_21.html
(AK)
*
Spain / Netherlands.
---------------------------
RuquiRadioAM / via Radio Casanova (NL)
e-QSL: 6020 kHz / 06:44-07:07 UTC / Dec. 14, 2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2023/03/ruqui-radio.html
(KB)
*
Turkey.
-----------
Voice of Türkiye / Spanish Service (TUR)
e-QSL (in 3 weeks): 7265 kHz / 02.00-02.54 UTC / Dec. 2, 2025
Reception report to: espanol@trt.net.tr
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2017/06/voice-of-turkey-tur-date-february-27.html
(KB)
*
United Kingdom / Germany.
------------------------------------------
Yule Ghoul / via Channel 292 (D)
e-QSL: 9670 kHz / 07.00-07.30 UTC / Dec. 25-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-ghoul.html
(KB)
*
USA. 
--------
Radio Free Euphonia / pirate station (USA) via WebSDR
e-QSL: 6950 kHz / 00.40-01.04 UTC / Dec.21-2025
Blog: http://qsl-review.blogspot.com/2025/05/radio-free-euphonia.html
(KB)
*
USA / Germany.
------------------------
-
eQSL Uncle BIll's Melting Pot.
E-mail: tilfordproductions[at]gmail.com
19 December 2025 / 16.00-17.00 UTC / 3955 kHz (via Channel 292)
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/uncle-bills-melting-pot.html
(AK)
-
eQSL WNTK. Imaginary stations.
E-mail: imaginarystations[at]gmail.com
21 December 2025 / 14.00-15.00 UTC / 6160 kHz
Picture: https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/wntk.html
(AK)
*
QSL mail.
----------------
Received confirmation:
- Radiomuzeum - Sweden file with this Radio ID recording for reception on 12/20/25 // 11:00-11:30 UTC / 981 kHz.
- e-qsl Arctic Radio Club - Sweden + Asfaltettelegraf -- Sweden 12/21/25 / 19:00-19:30 UTC / 1440 kHz
- e-qsl Pop Shop Radio 12/26/25 / 10:00-10:30 UTC / 9670 kHz
(VL)


=============
WORLD NEWS
=============

*
BC-DX 1639, 21 December 2025
------------------------------------------------
Editor: Wolfgang Bueschel. Germany			
http://topnews.wwdxc.de
http://www.wwdxc.de/
(Michael Bethge, Germany)
-
Collage. BC-DX 1639.
Online community page - Escuchando La Radio & https://t.me/listeningtotheradio
Author: Yimber Gaviria, Colombia.
Посмотреть коллаж можно здесь - https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/bc-dx-1639.html
*
SHORTWAVE BULLETIN
----------------------------------------
# 2095, 21 December, 2025
edited by Thomas Nilsson, Sweden
SWB latest issue/archive:
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/swb/archive.htm
(Thomas Nilsson, Sweden)
*
ARC MV-Eko
-------------------
edited by Thomas Nilsson, Sweden
MVE 66-10, November 24, 2025
https://www.dxinfo.se/ARC/ARC_archive.html
(Internet)
*
Glenn Hauser log roundup December 18-24.
---------------------------------------------
Please note and spread the word - for those not on a
list where my almost-daily all-band but mainly SW log
reports appear -- or for those who are but find this a
more convenient archive, weekly merged roundups
of all these reports in their original form are posted
early every UT Thursday via:
http://www.worldofradio.com/Hauserlogs.html
he latest one direct:
https://www.w4uvh.net/ghlogs_2025_1218_1224.txt
73, Glenn Hauser
(Hard-Core-DX Digest, Vol 276, Issue 25)
-
Glenn Hauser's World of Radio explores communications from around the world, especially the dynamic medium of shortwave radio.
World of Radio 2327, December 26, 2025.
Collage.
Online community page - Escuchando La Radio & https://t.me/listeningtotheradio
Author: Yimber Gaviria, Colombia.
View the collage here - https://rusdx.blogspot.com/2025/12/glenn-hausers-world-of-radio_27.html
*
FTIOM & UBMP, January 2026.
---------------------------------------
Happy New Year!
January 2026 From the Isle of Music and Uncle Bill's Melting Pot broadcasts will be as follows:
From the Isle of Music, January 2026
¡Feliz año nuevo! January's show will feature music from two of the most prominent living jazz pianists in Cuba, Alejandro Falcón and Ernán López Nussa.
All broadcasts are on Radio Channel 292 from Germany as follows:
Friday, January 9:
3955 kHz at 1700 UTC, repeats 2200 UTC
Uncle Bill's Melting Pot, January 2026
January's show will feature music from Venezuela.
All broadcasts are on Radio Channel 292 from Germany as follows:
Friday, January 16:
3955 kHz at 1600 UTC, repeats 2200 UTC
In addition to direct radio reception, we do honor reception reports for both programs using remote SDRs as long as the whole program is described and which SDR is specified. All QSLs are e-QSLs only.
https://www.facebook.com/fromtheisleofmusic/
https://www.facebook.com/UncleBillsMeltingPot/
https://www.patreon.com/tilford
William "Bill" Tilford, Owner/Producer
Tilford Productions, LLC
809 S. 20th ST
Lafayette, IN 47905-1551
email: bill[at]tilfordproductions.com
phone: 312.351.2330
website: www.tilfordproductions.com
(Bill Tilford)
*
German SW radio station Europasender Waldheim returns on DRM shortwave for new year specials
Sender Waldheim returns on DRM shortwave.
----------------------------------------------------
Sender Waldheim is back on air with Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) shortwave broadcasting on 6195 kHz. The transmissions are authorised for ITU Zones 27 and 28. The intended coverage area is Europe around Germany.
The authorisation is not programme-specific, allowing Sender Waldheim to relay a variety of programmes and special broadcasts from different partners.
Upcoming transmissions
All broadcasts are scheduled between 09:00 and 15:00 UTC. Programme relays will be repeated within this time window in various configurations, modes and robustness settings.
Saturday, 27 December 2025 – SE-TA 2: Christmas programme from 25 December 2025
Sunday, 28 December 2025 – welle370: Special programme – Christmas concert from 20 December 2025 (Weihnachtskonzert auf dem Funkerberg)
Monday, 29 December 2025 – SE-TA 2: Christmas programme from 25 December 2025
Tuesday, 30 December 2025 – welle370: Special programme – Kurzwellenmarathon-Sendung
Friday, 2 January 2026 – SE-TA 2: Special programme – Geburtstagssendung from 4 May 2025
Sunday, 4 January 2026 – welle370: Radiotag (November edition)
Monday, 5 January 2026 – SE-TA 2: Let's Go Rock 'n' Roll
Tuesday, 6 January 2026 – welle370: Radiotag (December edition)
Tuesday, 13 January 2026 – C. M. Obrecht shortwave radio
Tuesday, 20 January 2026 – welle370: Special programme – Kurzwellenmarathon-Sendung
Friday, 13 February 2026 – Special programme for UNESCO World Radio Day
Detail: https://alokeshgupta.blogspot.com/2025/12/german-sw-radio-station-europasender.html
(https://alokeshgupta.blogspot.com/)
*
Radio Nacional de España is phasing out its medium wave broadcasts.
------------------------------
After 88 years, Radio Nacional de España will cease broadcasting Radio Nacional and Radio 5 on medium wave to focus on the development of digital radio with DAB+. Broadcasts will cease on December 30th, and the public will be informed through a special campaign. The major audience shift from medium wave to FM occurred in Spain in the 1980s. The greater diversity of content and the noticeable improvement in sound quality on FM compared to MW were two key factors that facilitated this transition. Since then, the MW audience has steadily declined, and currently only 1% of the Spanish population listens to MW. 
More details in Russian: https://swling.ru/2025/12/23/radio-nacional-de-espana-svorachivaet-veshhanie-na-srednih-volnah/
(https://swling.ru/)
*
Figure of the day.
-------------------
20.5 kilometers – that's the height, almost twice the height of Mount Everest, a tower of vinyl records would reach if they were used to record the 86 million tracks recently leaked from Spotify. The group Anna's Archive has released approximately 300 terabytes of data online. Although the platform itself only acknowledges the fact of scraping and bypassing protection, rather than the loss of the entire catalog, the scale is impressive.
The world has received a clear example of how easily the digital age changes the physics of things. What in the analog world would have required gigantic warehouses and logistics is now simply a collection of data, moving across the internet, regardless of the will of its creators. However, this tower is unlikely to collapse the music industry: we've long been paying not for the files, which are already plentiful online, but for the infrastructure around them, updates, and recommendations. This story rather raises questions about Spotify's level of data protection.
Collage: https://vk.com/wall-63122402_12099
(https://vk.com/contentreview)

73!